Session 4: State - Marxism versus Pluralism

Pluralism holds the state in the position of a referee; it’s the belief that different classes, religions and races can live as one within a society. Marxism seems to be the antithesis of Pluralism since it promotes a classless society. However, are these two concepts really all that different?

Since it is hard to find examples of both concepts in real life the question cannot be addressed properly. However, theoretically, both have different sources and nature of power – Pluralism believes in dispersed power whereas Marxism believes in concentrated power. Conclusively, pluralists promote an electoral system whereas Marxists state that owners of capital manipulate all political factions.

Which of the two is more realistic? 

There are many loopholes when it comes to Pluralism; it seems to be an overly optimistic view. For instance, in reality power is not dispersed throughout the society and therefore there is not equality in the society.

There are limitations of the Marxist Theory too though; there is exaggeration of potential class conflict but underestimation of problem solving through being liberal.