Session 3-Power Distribution:Autocracy vs Constitutionalism

Power distribution plays an integral role in formulating governing structures of society. It evolves two important concepts i.e. autocracy and constitutionalism. Montesquieu, in his book The Spirit of the Laws, describes how the distribution of power, creates several divisions and hierarchies within political structure.

Autocracy is form of government with centralized power and authority, where a single entity is sole representative of complete authority and whose decisions are unaffected by any external and legal forces. Monarchism and dictatorship are somehow related to the same concept. This form of government leads to decrease inefficiency through promptly decisions. However, it lessens the active engagement of public in political matters.  Many of the countries like Iraq and Pakistan had faced autocratic governments in the past.

On the other hand, constitutionalism is based on equal distribution of powers between different institutions of the society. It is associated with theories of John Locke and the founders of the American republic which limits the governmental powers through fundamental laws.  Under this concept, the power is exercised between judiciary, parliament and legislature. Furthermore, constitutionalism defines the scope of authority, mechanism and civil rights which leads to more formalized and mechanized institutions.